Efecto mediador de la motivación a buscar venganza en la relación de la ansiedad y la evitación en el apego con la calidad de vida / Mediating effect of revenge-seeking motivation on the relationship of attachment anxiety and avoidance to quality of life

OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto mediador de la motivación a buscar venganza en la relación de la ansiedad y la evitación en el apego con la calidad de vida. METODOLOGÍA: estudio transversal correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 558 personas de 18 a 65 años de la ciudad de Antofagasta, Chile. Fueron utilizados los instrumentos: Cuestionario WHOQoL-Bref; Experiencia en Relaciones Cercanas; y Motivación a buscar venganza. Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que consideró efectos directos, indirectos y totales. RESULTADOS: Del total de participantes, 289 (51,8%) fueron hombres. Las edades fluctuaron entre 18 y 65 años (M=39,7; ±13,42). Se encontraron efectos significativos en la relación entre la ansiedad y evitación en el apego en los dominios físico, psicológico y social-relacional de la calidad de vida. La motivación a buscar venganza tiene efecto de mediación total en la relación entre evitación en el apego y el dominio físico, y efecto de mediación parcial de la evitación en el apego sobre el dominio psicológico de la calidad de vida. CONCLUSIÓN: ansiedad y evitación en el apego disminuyen la calidad de vida y la motivación a buscar venganza media parcial o totalmente la relación entre la evitación en el apego sobre los dominios físico y psicológico de la calidad de vida.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mediating effect of revenge-seeking motivation on the relationship between anxiety and avoidance in attachment and quality of life. METHODOLOGY: cross-sectional correlational study. The sample consisted of 558 people aged 18 to 65 years from the city of Antofagasta, Chile. The following instruments were used: WHOQoL-Bref Questionnaire; Experience in Close Relationships; and Motivation to seek revenge. Structural equation modeling was performed considering direct, indirect and total effects. RESULTS: Of the total number of participants, 289 (51.8%) were male. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years (M=39.7; ±13.42). Significant effects were found in the relationship between anxiety and avoidance on attachment in the physical, psychological, and social-relational domains of quality of life. Revenge-seeking motivation has full mediation effect on the relationship between attachment avoidance and the physical domain, and partial mediation effect of attachment avoidance on the psychological domain of quality of life. CONCLUSION: Anxiety and attachment avoidance decrease quality of life, and revenge-seeking motivation partially or fully mediates the relationship between attachment avoidance and the physical and psychological domains of quality of life.

Professional profile and work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units: A multicentre study.

AIM: To determine the professional profile and the work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) in Colombia, Argentina, Peru and Brazil. BACKGROUND: ICUs require a differentiated professional profile to provide quality care, and appropriate working conditions, leading to a transformation of care and management practices. DESIGN: Descriptive multicentre cross-sectional observational study. METHODS: An online survey was applied to identify both the characteristics of the professional profile and the working conditions. 1,427 ICU nursing professionals were included. RStudio statistical software was used for the analysis of the information. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used in this study. RESULTS: Only 33.6% of the professionals had a specialisation degree in intensive care. The skills that were most frequently put into practice were communication (68.5%) and care management (78.5%). The most predominant nurse-to-patient ratios were 1:2, and greater than 1:6. 59.1% of the nurses had an indefinite term contract, 38.8% worked 48 hours per week and 49.8% had rotating shifts. Only 50.4% of them received incentives. The average salary ranged between 348 and 1,500 USD. 64.5% of the participants were satisfied with their job. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen nurses' professional profile by promoting both postgraduate education and the development of troubleshooting and teamwork skills. It is necessary to standardise the nurse-to-patient ratio, improve wages and increase incentives to achieve greater job satisfaction. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: The knowledge and the improvement of both the professional profile and the work conditions of nurses working in intensive care units will improve the quality of the care given to critical patients and, therefore, the quality of health outcomes.

Theoretical sampling process in a Straussian Grounded Theory study.

OBJETIVE: Describing the theoretical sampling process in the development of a Grounded Theory based on the Straussian strand. The objective of the field research, used as an example, was to develop a substantive theory, based on the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism, about the perceptions and experiences of patients, family members, and health professionals regarding the presence of the family during emergency care. METHOD: In the theoretical sampling, 42 participants were recruited, divided into nine sample groups, constituted based on the constant comparative method. RESULTS: The description of this example allowed to identify how theoretical sampling guided data collection, which occurred through the in-depth study of concepts and the search for answers to questions arising from the data. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is expected that the readers find subsidies to understand how theoretical sampling is conducted in a Grounded Theory study, based on the Straussian strand, and thus be able to apply it.

Theoretical sampling process in a Straussian Grounded Theory study / Proceso de muestreo teórico en investigación de Teoría Fundamenta vertiente / Processo de amostragem teórica em pesquisa de Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados vertente Straussiana

ABSTRACT Objetive: Describing the theoretical sampling process in the development of a Grounded Theory based on the Straussian strand. The objective of the field research, used as an example, was to develop a substantive theory, based on the theoretical framework of Symbolic Interactionism, about the perceptions and experiences of patients, family members, and health professionals regarding the presence of the family during emergency care. Method: In the theoretical sampling, 42 participants were recruited, divided into nine sample groups, constituted based on the constant comparative method. Results: The description of this example allowed to identify how theoretical sampling guided data collection, which occurred through the in-depth study of concepts and the search for answers to questions arising from the data. Final Considerations: It is expected that the readers find subsidies to understand how theoretical sampling is conducted in a Grounded Theory study, based on the Straussian strand, and thus be able to apply it.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso de muestreo teórico en el desarrollo de una Teoría Fundamenta en la vertiente Straussiana. El objetivo de la investigación de campo, empleada como ejemplo, fue elaborar una teoría sustantiva, con fundamentación en el referencial teórico del Interaccionismo Simbólico, acerca de las percepciones y vivencias de paciente, familiares y profesionales de salud relativas a la presencia de la familia durante el atendimiento de urgencias. Método: En el muestreo teórico fueron seleccionados 42 participantes, divididos en nueve grupos, constituidos a partir del método comparativo constante. Resultados: Con la descripción de este ejemplo, fue posible identificar como el muestreo teórico direccionó la recogida de datos, lo que ocurrió por medio de la profundización de conceptos y de la búsqueda de respuestas para cuestiones provenientes de los datos. Consideraciones finales: Se espera que los lectores encuentren subsidios para comprender el modo como el muestreo teórico se conduce en un estudio de Teoría Fundamentada, vertiente Straussiana y, luego, puedan aplicarla.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o processo de amostragem teórica no desenvolvimento de uma Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados na vertente Straussiana. O objetivo da pesquisa de campo, empregada como exemplo, foi elaborar uma teoria substantiva, fundamentada no referencial teórico do Interacionismo Simbólico, acerca das percepções e vivências de pacientes, familiares e profissionais de saúde relativas à presença da família durante o atendimento emergencial. Método: Na amostragem teórica foram recrutados 42 participantes, divididos em nove grupos amostrais, constituídos a partir do método comparativo constante. Resultados: Com a descrição deste exemplo, foi possível identificar como a amostragem teórica direcionou a coleta de dados, o que ocorreu por meio do aprofundamento de conceitos e da busca de respostas para questões provenientes dos dados. Considerações finais: Espera-se que os leitores encontrem subsídios para compreender o modo como a amostragem teórica é conduzida em um estudo de Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, vertente Straussiana, e assim possam aplicá-la.

Evaluation of disinfection of surfaces at an outpatient unit before and after an intervention program.

BACKGROUND: Cleaning and disinfection processes must be improved so that there is a reduction in environmental contamination of frequent-contact surfaces. The objective of this study was to evaluate cleaning and disinfection of surfaces at a specialized healthcare unit after an intervention program. METHODS: Exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational study carried out in a medium-complexity clinic. Two hundred and forty samples from five surfaces were collected during three phases: diagnosis; implementation of an intervention program; and evaluation of immediate and long-term effects. In total, 720 evaluations were made, performed through three monitoring methods: visual inspection; adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay (ATP); and aerobic colony count (ACC). The Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher's Exact tests were run to analyze data statistically. RESULTS: Cleaning and disinfection of surfaces were not being performed properly in most cases. Failure rates of surfaces reached 37.5 and 100% when the ATP and ACC procedures were used, respectively. However, after an intervention program, an improvement occurred. Success rates increased by 43.96% (ATP) and 12.46% (ACC) in phase I, by 70.6% (ATP) and 82.3% (ACC) immediately after interventions, and by 76.52% (ATP) and 85.76% (ACC) two months after the changes, showing that the program was effective. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals that implementing intervention actions with a cleaning and healthcare team brings benefits to prevent the spread of pathogenic agents through frequently touched hospital surfaces.